Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is a significant risk associated with antipsychotic medication in elderly patients?

1. Weight gain

2. Cardiac arrest

3. Stroke

4. Severe nausea

The correct answer is: Stroke

In elderly patients, antipsychotic medications are associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. This concern stems from the physiological changes that occur with aging, such as alterations in medication metabolism and increased sensitivity to side effects. The risk of cerebrovascular events has been highlighted in various studies, leading to warnings about their use in this demographic. For elderly patients who may already have risk factors such as hypertension or other cardiovascular issues, the addition of antipsychotics can worsen their overall health profile. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to weigh the benefits of antipsychotic therapy against the potential for serious adverse effects, including the risk of stroke. In contrast, while weight gain, cardiac arrest, and severe nausea can occur as side effects of antipsychotics, they are not as prominently associated with the elderly population as the increased risk of stroke. Thus, the heightened concern for stroke in this age group underscores the need for careful consideration and monitoring when prescribing these medications.