Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is the drug of choice for treating Graves' disease?

1. Carbimazole

2. Levothyroxine

3. Radioactive iodine

4. Surgery

The correct answer is: Carbimazole

Carbimazole is the drug of choice for treating Graves' disease, a condition characterized by hyperthyroidism due to an overactive thyroid gland. Carbimazole is an antithyroid medication that works by inhibiting the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thus helping to restore normal hormone levels in the body. Graves' disease often requires a method to control the overproduction of thyroid hormones, and Carbimazole is particularly effective in a non-invasive way, allowing for symptom management and potential remission. It can be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as radioactive iodine or surgery, if necessary, but it is the first-line pharmacological option for many patients presenting with this condition. In comparison, Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Radioactive iodine is another effective treatment for Graves' disease but is often considered after pharmacological management or in cases where more immediate control is needed. Surgery may be considered in specific situations, such as large goiters or when there are concerns about compressive symptoms, but it is not the first option in the treatment hierarchy. Thus, while other treatments exist, Carbimazole remains the standard starting treatment for Graves' disease due to its effectiveness