Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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Which class of drug is used to treat Raynaud's phenomenon?

Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics

The correct answer is: Calcium channel blockers

The treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon primarily involves the use of calcium channel blockers. These medications work by blocking the entry of calcium into smooth muscle cells, leading to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and subsequent vasodilation. This is particularly beneficial in Raynaud's, a condition characterized by episodic vasospasm of the small arteries, usually in response to cold or stress, leading to reduced blood flow to the extremities. Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and amlodipine have been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of episodes by promoting increased blood flow to the affected areas. Their vasodilatory effects help alleviate the symptoms associated with Raynaud's phenomenon, making them a first-line treatment option. Other classes of medications listed, such as beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics, do not have the same vasodilatory effects and are not typically used for the management of Raynaud's. Beta blockers, in some cases, may even exacerbate symptoms by causing vasoconstriction. ACE inhibitors and diuretics do not specifically address the underlying vascular issues present in Raynaud's, thus making calcium channel blockers the most effective choice.